TREV The Two-Seater Renewable Energy Vehicle (TREV) is a prototype devel-
oped by the University of South Australia (figure 20.42). This three-wheeler
has a range of 150 km, a top speed of 120 km/h, a mass of 300 kg, and
lithium-ion polymer batteries weighing 45 kg. During a real 3000 km trip,
the energy consumption was 6.2 kWh per 100 km.

Venturi Fetish Has a 28 kWh battery, weighing 248 kg. The car weighs 1000 kg.
Range 160–250 km. That’s 11–17 kWh per 100 km.
www.venturifetish.fr/fetish.html

Toyota RAV4 EV This vehicle – an all-electric mini-SUV – was sold by Toyota be-
tween 1997 and 2003 (figure 20.43). The RAV4 EV has 24 12-volt 95 Ah NiMH
batteries capable of storing 27.4 kWh of energy; and a range of 130 to 190 km.
So that’s an energy consumption of 14–21 kWh per 100 km. The RAV4 EV
was popular with Jersey Police force.

Phoenix SUT – a five-seat “sport utility truck” made in California – has a range
of “up to 130 miles” from a 35 kWh lithium-ion battery pack. (That’s 17 kWh
per 100 km
.) The batteries can be recharged from a special outlet in 10
minutes. www.gizmag.com/go/7446/

Modec delivery vehicle Modec carries two tons a distance of 100 miles. Kerb
weight 3000 kg. www.modec.co.uk

Smith Ampere Smaller delivery van, 24 kWh lithium ion batteries. Range “over
100 miles.” www.smithelectricvehicles.com

Electric minibus From www.smithelectricvehicles.com:
40 kWh lithium ion battery pack. 90 kW motor with regenerative brakes.
Range “up to 100 miles.” 15 seats. Vehicle kerb weight 3026 kg. Payload
1224 kg. That’s a vehicle-performance of at best 25 kWh per 100 km. If the
vehicle is fully occupied, it could deliver transportation at an impressive cost
of 2 kWh per 100 p-km.

Electric coach The Thunder Sky bus has a range of 180 miles and a recharge time
of three hours. www.thunder-sky.com

Electric scooters The Vectrix is a substantial scooter (figure 20.44). Its battery
(nickel metal hydride) has a capacity of 3.7 kWh. It can be driven for up to
68 miles at 25 miles/h (40 km/h), on a two-hour charge from a standard
electrical socket. That’s 110 km for 3 kWh, or 2.75 kWh per 100 km. It has
a maximum speed of 62 mph (100 km/h). It weighs 210 kg and has a peak
power of 20 kW. www.vectrix.com
The “Oxygen Cargo” is a smaller scooter. It weighs 121 kg, has a 38 mile
range, and takes 2–3 hours to charge. Peak power: 3.5 kW; maximum speed
28 mph. It has two lithium-ion batteries and regenerative brakes. The range
can be extended by adding extra batteries, which store about 1.2 kWh and
weigh 15 kg each. Energy consumption: 4 kWh per 100 km.

Figure 20.42. The TREV. 6 kWh per 100 km. Photo from www.unisa.edu.au.
Figure 20.43. Toyota RAV4 EV. Photo by Kenneth Adelman, www.solarwarrior.com.
Figure 20.44. Vectrix: 2.75 kWh per 100 km. Photo from www.vectrix.com.