In my future cartoon country, the energy consumption is reduced by using
more efficient technology for transport and heating.
In the five plans for the future, transport is largely electrified. Electric
engines are more efficient than petrol engines, so the energy required
for transport is reduced. Public transport (also largely electrified) is better
integrated, better personalized, and better patronized. I’ve assumed
that electrification makes transport about four times more efficient, and
that economic growth cancels out some of these savings, so that the net
effect is a halving of energy consumption for transport. There are a few
essential vehicles that can’t be easily electrified, and for those we make
our own liquid fuels (for example biodiesel or biomethanol or cellulosic